Videos of Effective and Efficient Weight Loss Products

The global spread of obesity has been fueled in large part by the growing availability and popularity of the Western-style diet, which is characterized by foods with high contents of sugars, salt, and fat — particularly from processed foods and red meat.

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Flat Belly Fix

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The Best Fatflusher made from Natural African Herbs

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The Venus Factor Weight Loss Therapy

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Nutrition, Diet and Weight Loss

Holozoic nutrition – involves the consumption of complex (solid) food which is broken down inside the organism into simple molecules which are then absorbed,

e.g. most animals

Holozoic Nutrition

Holozoic organisms obtain their energy from the consumption of complex organic food which is digested within their bodies.

It involves:

1. Obtaining food  (ingestion)

2. Ingestion       

3. Physical (mechanical) digestion      

4. Chemical digestion                   

5. Absorption                   

6. Assimilation

Elimination (egestion)

According to the type of food ingested, holozoic organisms are classified into:

•          Herbivores - those feed on plant material

•          Carnivores - those feed on other animals

•          Omnivores - those feed on both plants and animals

•          Fluid feeders - those consume liquid materials

•          Phagotrophs - those (majority) take in solid food

•          Microphagous - phagotrophs taking in very small particles,

•          e.g. by filter feeding mechanism

•          Macrophagous - phagotrophs taking in relatively large particles,

e.g. most animals

Clam (mussel)

See Figure 1:

Diet

•          In mammals carbohydrates and fats are needed in relatively large quantities as energy source, and

•          proteins for growth and repair.

•          Vitamins and minerals are required in much smaller quantities for a variety of specific functions.

•          Water is a vital constituent of the diet and

•          roughage is necessary for preventing constipation.

 Carbohydrates and fats (energy requirements)

v  The energy required by an organism varies with age, sex, size and activity.

v  Ideally 2/3 from carbohydrates and 1/3 from fats.

v  A high intake of fats, especially saturated fats, is a contributory factor in causing heart disease.

Proteins

v  Main function: as a source of amino acids which are used to synthesized new proteins                                                              

v  Plants are able to synthesize all their own amino acids but animals are more limited.

v  Thus man requires essential amino acids in the diet.

v  Although plant food contains proportionately fewer proteins, a properly balanced diet can nevertheless provide all the essential amino acids.

Vitamins - group of organic compounds with the following features:

1. no energy value

2. essential in very small quantities for maintenance of good health

3. not structural materials in body

4. work as cofactors in enzymatic reactions

Two groups of vitamins:

A.    Fat soluble vitamins and

B.     Water soluble vitamins
 

VITAMIN               SOURCES                              DEFICIENCY

A                  MILK, CARROT, SOURCES                         DRY SKIN, POOR VISION

B₁                   CEREALS,YEAST, LIVER                                BERI BERI                                                                   

B₂                    MILK, LIVER , VEGETABLE                           SORE THROAT

C                   FRUITS, VEGETABLES                                    SCURVY

D                     EGG-YOLK, COD-LIVER OIL                           RICKETS

E                    BUTTER, PEANUT, EGG YOLK                      ANAEMIA

K                  FISH, LIVER, VEGETABLES                             INABILITY OF THE BLOOD TO CLOT

Too much vitamins, e.g. vitamin A, may be harmful to our body

**Vitamins B & C are water soluble; others fat soluble

**Vitamin C could be destroyed by prolonged heating; tested by decolorizing deep blue colour of DCPIP;  and vitamin C has relatively larger daily requirement than other vitamins

Minerals

v  needed to regulate the metabolism of the body

v  essential for health

v  needed in small amounts

MINERAL                                          SOURCE                  FUNCTION/DEFICIENCY DISEASES

1. CALCIUM & PHOSPHORUS       CHEESE, MILK, VEGETABLE           BONES& TEETH  FORMATION/BLOOD CLOTTING

2. IRON                       LIVER, EGG, BEEF FORMS      HAEMOGLOBIN/ ANAEMIA

3. IODINE                    SEA FOOD    THYROXINE FORMATION/ GOITRE

4. SODIUM & POTASSIUM   TABLE SALT & VEGETABLES          ANION & CATION BALANCE,

/MUSCLE CONTRACTION

5. CHLORINE             TABLE SALT                           ANION & CATION BALANCE / FORMS HCL

Water

ü  - makes up about 75% of body weight

ü  - importance:

ü  as a solvent;      

ü  for transport;      

ü  as a reaction medium;  

ü  as a reactant;

ü  dilutes wastes & poisons;

ü  forms urine

Roughage/Dietary fibre

ü  - consists of cellulose

ü  - indigestible because

ü  - human body has no enzyme for its digestion

ü  - stimulate peristalsis;

ü  - absence will lead constipation

 Milk

Milk is a balanced diet for growth and development of young mammals, but it cannot sustain healthy development indefinitely because:

1. It contains little if any iron - new born baby has Fe accumulated from mother, but store becomes deficient in later life

2. It contains no roughage - constipation results with its long-term absence from diet

3. It contains a high proportion of fat  - ideal for young and actively growing organisms, but as energy demand decreases, more fat deposits around the body would increase risk of heart disease

•          Food additives – examples:

1. colourings,
2. preservative,
3. antioxidants,
4. texture enhancers,
5. synthetic flavourings,
6. flavour enhancers and sweeteners

Feeding mechanisms

A. Small-particle feeders – microscopic food, e.g. bacteria, unicellular algae or small invertebrate larvae, etc., are eaten by unicellular organisms like amoeba, paramecium

B. Filter feeding mechanism: microscopic foods are removed from the surrounding water by some form of filtration mechanism, e.g. mussel

See Figure 2 and 3

C. Large-particle feeders - involving ingestion of particles which are relatively large, e.g. most mammals

D. Fluid and soft-tissue feeders - a mechanism to pierce their 'host' in some way and then use a specialized suction apparatus for drawing  food into their bodies, e.g. mosquito

See Figure 4, 5 and 6

Teeth and dentition in man

•          The structure of the tooth

•          Enamel - non-living substance containing 97% calcium salt & 3% organic matter; cement forms the root of enamel;  fibres attach to jawbone for anchorage forming periodontal membrane

•          dentine - hard but softer than enamel;  with channels of living cytoplasm from pulp cavity

•          pulp cavity - contains living cells with blood vessels (supply food & O₂) and nerves (sensation)

TYPES OF TEETH

See figure 7:

Types of teeth

•          Incisors - at the front;   chisel-like for biting & cutting

•          Canines - pointed, curved & long for tearing flesh; in carnivores, they are well developed for killing preys

Premolars - with one or two cusps for grinding & crushing food

Molars - have 4 cusps for grinding & crushing food

Wisdom teeth - last 4 molars; grow after the age of 20

Milk Teeth and Permanent Teeth

•          - man is diphyodont: two sets of teeth

1.      Milk teeth - appear in babies;  totally 20 in man

2.      Permanent teeth - replace milk teeth in later years; cannot replaced if damaged; totally 32 in man

TOOTH DECAY

See Figure 8:

Dental decay (dental caries)

•          Cause of tooth decay - results from a chemical reaction between bacteria & food debris in mouth; bacteria forms a sticky, invisible film (plaque) reacting with sugars to produce an acid which dissolves enamel, dentine & pulp cavity

          ¾®    toothache  ¾® more serious   ¾®    periodontal disease    ¾® teeth falling off

Calculus: hard deposits due to interaction of plaque & salts in saliva

 Principles of Digestion

•          Mechanical breakdown of food has the effect of giving the food a large surface area which aids later digestion.  The food must be made small enough to pass through cell membranes. Thus chemical digestion with the aid of enzymes occurs.

Amylase - breaks down starch into maltose

See  Diagram A:

Peptidases – break down peptides into amino acids

Endopeptidases – break down peptide bonds in the middle of peptides

Endopeptidases hydrolyse peptide bonds at points along the protein

See Diagram B:

                                                *

*Carboxypeptidase liberates      Exopeptidases acts on                   Aminopeptidase breaks

terminal amino acids                      terminal amino acids                      terminal amino acids with –NH₂ group

Exopeptidases – break down peptide bonds on terminal amino acids

Aminopeptidases – break down amino acids with a free amino (-NH₂) group

Carboxypeptidases – break down amino acids with a free carboxyl (-COOH) group

Lipase - breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol

The food vacuoles of Protozoans represent the simplest form of digestive system:

•          Advantages:

allows the organism to achieve the optimum concentration of enzymes in a small space within the vacuole

•          Disadvantages:

1 The organism is restricted to food small enough to be ingested by phagocytosis

2 All enzymes operate within the vacuole without specialization of certain regions

3 Acidic and alkaline phases must be taken within the same vacuole at separate times

Digestion in Humans

A.     Digestion in the mouth

Mechanical digestion of food begins in the buccal cavity. The tongue manipulates the food during chewing with saliva produced from 3 pairs of salivary glands.

The human digestive system

See Figure 9 and 10:

Saliva contains:

1. Water – over 99%

2. Salivary amylase – enzyme

3. Mineral salts

   – maintain optimum pH for amylase

4. Mucin

    – bind food particles together and

       lubricates food for swallowing

•          5. Taste buds allow food to be selected.

The thoroughly chewed food (bolus) is passed to the back of the mouth for swallowing.

Swallowing and peristalsis

- pharynx leads to both trachea & oesophagus

When swallowing food, epiglottis closes entrance to trachea to prevent food going into lungs

See Figure 11 and 12:

Peristalsis - longitudinal & circular muscles contract & relax alternately to drive food down oesophagus, small intestine, large intestine & out of the anus as faeces

See Figure 13 and 14 and 15:

 Digestion in the stomach

•          The stomach is a muscular sac with a folded inner layer (gastric mucosa) with holes (gastric pits) lined with secretory cells which secrete gastric juice:

1. Water - the bulk of the secretion

2. Hydrochloric acid - secreted by the oxyntic cells

Functions:

1.      Gives an acid pH  to kill bacteria and activates enzymes in the stomach (pepsinogen & prorennin);

Initiates the hydrolysis of sucrose & nucleoproteins

See Figure 16A B and C:

2. Pepsinogen - secreted by the zymogen (chief cells) in an inactive form to pepsin

3. It is activated by HCl                             

4. Prorennin - secreted by zymogen cells; activated by HCl to rennin to coagulate milk by converting caseinogen (soluble protein in milk) to casein (insoluble)

5. Mucus - secreted by goblet cells to produce a protective layer to prevent autodigestion of the gastric mucosa (thus preventing ulcer). It also lubricates food in the stomach

What is peptic ulcer?

It is a disease in which a hole has been made in the mucous membrane lining the stomach or duodenum.

 Causes:

Too much HCl because of nervous tension, irregular meals, smoking, alcohols, lack of sleeps, etc.

Cure: Antacids

The churning and mixing action of the muscular stomach wall changes the bolus of food into a creamy fluid (chyme).

The chyme from any one meal takes 3-4 hours to be released little by little into the duodenum.

This provides a continuous supply of food for absorption throughout the period between meals.

Digestion in the small intestine

• Duodenum: for digestion
• Ileum: chiefly for absorption
• The walls of the small intestine are folded with villi which contain fibres of smooth muscle.
• These muscles regularly contract and relax to mix food and enzymes so as to facilitate absorption.

The global spread of obesity has been fueled in large part by the growing availability and popularity of the Western-style diet, which is characterized by foods with high contents of sugars, salt, and fat — particularly from processed foods and red meat.

Click here to watch

Pictorial representation of the body system and best weight loss tips

Before now i know you are like most people who had to digest all sorts of advice from family members, friends, colleagues in the office and even your enemies on how to go about losing weight. If you've ever tried to lose weight (and who hasn't), then you've got to be mindful of whose advice you take. Your colleague says you need to cut out carbs. Your gym buddy knows the secret is to stop eating after 7 p.m. Your Facebook friend swears she’ll be in swimsuit shape by March if she only eats once a day. Your husband, well, he sneezes and the weight seems to fall off. But do any of these tips really work? To help you shed those extra pounds—and keep them off—without starving yourself, ditching your social life, or eating only at odd times of the day, we talked to experienced nutritionists for real-world advice you can actually live with, day in and day out. We'll tell you how to focus on the delicious foods you can add to your diet, why you should be eating more often (yes!), the fat loss benefits of more sleep, and how even taking a few deep breaths can put you on a successful path to weight loss.  

1. Never get too hungry You make poor decisions when your judgment is compromised. Hunger is a primal urge that’s difficult to deny. When you're famished, it's hard to hold off until you can find healthy food. As a result, you end up eating anything that's not nailed down, and typically, regretting it. Planning meals and snacks works wonders to head off the intense hunger that can do a number on your best intentions to eat right. Always tote healthy snacks, such as an ounce of pistachios, a hard-cooked egg and some whole grain crackers, Greek yogurt, or 1/4 cup raisins. Don't skip meals or skimp on them, either.

 2. Be honest about your daily calorie allowance Everyone has a calorie budget, whether you're trying to maintain your weight or lose a few pounds. I've found that people ignore this simple fact. Your calorie budget allows you to build a healthy diet, and it helps prevent frustration about weight control. When you know your calorie budget, then you can plan on how many servings of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, low-fat dairy, and other protein sources to include every day.

 3. Eat right post-workout People are notorious for overestimating how many calories they burn during physical activity, which is often far less than actual calories burned. When you overestimate the calories you burn during exercise, you may eat more than you need, making weight loss and maintenance difficult. High-intensity exercise may drive women to eat more, and moderate exercise may be the key to easier weight control.

 4. Use the red, orange and green rule At each meal include one food that is any of these colors. By focusing on these foods, you'll be sure to get some produce on your plate and won't have space on your plate for higher-calorie fare. (Bonus: Colorful fruits and veggies help your skin look healthier and younger

 5. Be a heavy drinker Water is essential for keeping the body hydrated and we're actually more likely to retain "water weight" by not drinking enough of it rather than by having too much. The needs of each person will be different, but the general recommended daily amount is 64 ounces. It also takes up space in your stomach so you'll feel fuller while taking in less calories.

 6. Kick the salt habit Salt is a big contributor to weight gain and often a reason why the numbers on the scale aren't going down. The average American consumes twice the amount of salt they should have each day, leading to weight gain, bloating, and the inability to lose stubborn pounds. Salt can also make you feel hungrier and thirstier, so check the nutrition labels for high sodium levels and choose fresh over packaged or restaurant foods. You'll see a puffy face and belly go down quickly just by cutting back on your sodium intake and choosing more natural foods.  

7. Spice up your food Adding hot spices to your meals can help curb hunger, according to a study in the British Journal of Nutrition. Need another reason to add some heat? Scientists at the State University of New York at Buffalo found that capsaicin (a compound found in chilies) triggers your brain to release feel-good endorphins.

 8. Don't think diet soda will help you lose weight A University of Texas Health Science Center study found that the more diet sodas a person drank, the greater their risk of becoming overweight. Downing just two or more cans a day increased waistlines by 500%. Why? Artificial sweeteners can disrupt the body's natural ability to regulate calorie intake based on the sweetness of foods, suggested an animal study from Purdue University. That means people who consume diet foods might be more likely to overeat, because your body is being tricked into thinking it's eating sugar, and you crave more. A separate study found that even just one diet soda a day is linked to a 34% higher risk of metabolic syndrome, the group of symptoms including belly fat and high cholesterol that puts you at risk for heart disease. Whether that link is attributed to an ingredient in diet soda or the drinkers' eating habits is unclear. But is that one can really worth it?

 9. Focus on nutrient balance instead of calorie counting Making sure an eating occasion has carbs, protein, and fat instead of just counting calories (like a 100-calorie pack) delivers better energy and fat loss results by giving the body what it needs, like quick- and longer-digesting nutrients so you stay full longer.

 10. Plate food away from where you're eating By keeping food within eyesight as you are eating, you may find yourself reaching for a second helping even if you really aren't hungry. Place the food on the kitchen counter or stove, portion out a serving on your plate and then sit down at the table and eat. This way, if you want additional servings, you'll have to get up, which helps you to be more mindful of what you are eating.  

11. Keep a food record We know you've heard this time and time again. Well, that's because keeping a food record is vital to losing weight and keeping it off long term. A study published in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine found that those who kept regular food records lost twice as much weight as those who didn't. When keeping a food record, make sure to track what you ate, how much you ate, anything you added to the food (condiments, oils, etc.), and what you drank. Also tracking your mood and appetite can be helpful and insightful into learning about your eating patterns as well!

 12. Start with soup People who ate a low-calorie vegetable soup before a meal consumed 20% fewer calories at the meal, according to research from Penn State Unniversity. Have a low-calorie broth-based veggie soup before your largest meal of the day to reduce calories and lose weight without feeling hungry.  

13. Take your time Rapid eaters are often heavier than slow eaters, according to research from The University of Rhode Island. It takes 20 minutes for your stomach to send a message to your brain that you have eaten enough and are satisfied. If you rush your meal and eat rapidly, your body's satiety cues won't be tuned in to those feelings of fullness yet and it's easier to overeat. Try slowing down by chewing each bite at least 10 times, putting your fork down in between bites, and fostering a relaxing eating environment rather than eating on the run. (What should you do if you're dining out?  

14. Outsmart your hunger hormone Even the most motivated and focused dieter will struggle to be successful at weight loss once hunger takes over. Our bodies secrete a hormone called ghrelin, which controls hunger and drives our appetite. If we don't understand, monitor, and control our ghrelin, we can forget about losing weight. Science tells us that the best way to control ghrelin is to eat small, balanced meals about every 3 hours or so. That's because ghrelin will spike after about 3 to 4 hours of fasting, so eating with regularity helps keep this eating trigger at bay. Ghrelin will also spike if we're deprived of carbs, so it's important to give our bodies and brains the carb fuel they need. When we skip meals or avoid carbs, we're inviting ghrelin to spike, which increases and makes us feel emotionally hungry. It makes us crave sugar and can derail even the healthiest eating routine.

 15. Dine anytime It's a myth that you'll gain weight as a direct result of eating after 7 p.m. I see many busy professionals at my private practice, and they often get home late. This doesn't mean that they should skip dinner if they're trying to lose weight. Many times, people stop eating by 5 p.m., which results in overeating the following day. This cycle is not ideal as it shuts down your metabolism. You should eat 70% of your calories before dinnertime and 30% at dinner, whatever time that may be. Just give yourself at least 90 minutes to end your meal before you plan to go to sleep. You need at least 90 minutes to digest so you can sleep comfortably.

 16. Set a date with your kitchen Based on what I have applied in my practice, when it comes to weight loss we need to devote 80% of our efforts to nutrition and 20% to exercise. One way to do this is to schedule time and make a date with your supermarket and kitchen. Restaurant dishes are outside of your control, and the fact is, most times, those outrageous portions come loaded with salt and fat. Start cooking at home to better monitor your calorie intake. Schedule a day, like Sunday afternoon, to pre-cook for the week. Plan to roast a whole chicken. Cut up a batch of vegetables—like squash, peppers, eggplant, and sweet potatoes—toss them with a little olive oil and roast them in another pan alongside the chicken. Boil a pot of brown rice. Do all of this simultaneously and it should only take about an hour. Now you have the makings for Monday's burritos, Tuesday's stew, Wednesday's pasta dish, and so on. Each working evening, you should only need about 15 minutes in the kitchen to put it together—less time than you might spend heating up a fat-, salt- and sugar-filled frozen pizza!  

17. Breathe away cravings This may seem obvious. After all, you have to breathe no matter what, right? But few of us breathe deeply or consciously. Think about it: when was the last time you took a long, slow, deep breath, and slowly let it out again? Deep breaths of that kind take you out of your immersion in momentary stress, oxygenate your brain and tissues, and they help to reduce stress hormones. Take breathing breaks throughout the day, or, better yet, pair those breaks with a quiet walk to disassociate from the stress. Just a couple of minutes of walking, a few long, deep breaths, and you will start to see the results in your body.  

18. Eat before a party or event Don't arrive at a big meal, event, or party starving. One study found that you'll be 2.5 times more likely to start off overeating starchy carbs, fried or cheesy foods than those who didn't fast before the meal. And, you'll be more likely to eat 47% more calories of that first food before switching to healthier fare. Have a light snack before you go to an event so you don’t arrive ravenous.  

19. Be adventurous with chopsticks Choosing chopsticks requires a bit more attention in picking up food from the plate. The portions are smaller, and eating with them takes more time because you have to closely watch each bite so the food doesn’t fall off. They can act as a reminder to slow down, savor and chew consciously which may help you realize you’re fuller sooner than you thought you’d be and then wind up eating less!  

20. Wear fitted clothing The elastic waistband is the dieter's fashion enemy number one. When you wear clothes that fit well and make you feel good, you have awareness gauges that give you clear signals to help you put on the brakes as you fill up. Use this as a way of staying mindful of your goals and to help keep you from overeating.

21. Celebrate healthy talk Instead of using words like "fat," say "fit"; change "can't" to "can"; "weak" to "strong"; "unhealthy" to "healthy." It takes practice but it can start to rewire how you think about your health and weight goals. New research commissioned by Special K surveying over 1,000 women, found that 9 out of 10 women who have a positive attitude about weight management reported either losing or maintaining their weight in the past year versus only about 50% of those with a negative attitude. And beyond being more successful, those with a positive attitude were eight times less likely to report having gained weight than women who think negatively.

 22. Eat breakfast without fail A study published in the British Journal of Nutrition tracked the diets of nearly 900 adults and found that when people ate more fat, protein, and carbohydrates in the morning, they stayed satisfied and ate less over the course of the day than those who ate their bigger meals later on. Unfortunately, many Americans start off on an empty stomach. In one survey, consumers reported that even when they eat in the morning, the meal is a full breakfast only about one-third of the time. If you're feeling full-blown hunger before noon, there's a chance you're not eating enough in the morning. Shoot for a minimum of 250 calories and aim to get a serving of protein in so you’ll feel fuller longer.  

23. Take 10 minutes to eat a treat Try this strategy to permanently reduce cravings: Portion out one serving of your favorite treat, taking a minute to smell it, look at it, and think about it. Take one small bite. Chew slowly, moving it around your mouth and focusing on the texture and taste, then swallow. Ask yourself whether you want 

another bite or if that one satisfied you. If you still want more, repeat, this time 

chewing the food 20 times. Continue this eating exercise for as long as you want or until you finish the serving (it should take about 10 minutes). "When you take the time to slow down and be more mindful of what something really tastes like, you'll feel more satisfied," says Lesley Lutes, PhD, an associate professor in the department of psychology at East Carolina University. "Many of our participants told us that after a while, they didn't enjoy the treat as much as they thought they would, or they were content after just a couple of bites and were better able to stop eating when they were satisfied."

 24. Make wearing a Pedometer a Routine Practice. New Research Suggests that routinely wearing a pedometer encourages people to walk about an extra mile, thereby lose weight and also lower their blood pressure. In addition to the above Health ethics, a non habitual and non abusive use of weight loss supplement could work for people who are not discipline in the natural dietary specification needed for a positive, resultant and constructive weight loss.

 The global spread of obesity has been fueled in large part by the growing availability and popularity of the Western-style diet, which is characterized by foods with high contents of sugars, salt, and fat — particularly from processed foods and red meat.

Click here to watch

Best Healthy Diet Tips to Weight Loss

Best Healthy Diet Tips to Weight LossIf you've ever tried to lose weight (and who hasn't), then you've got to be mindful of whose advice you take. Your colleague says you need to cut out carbs. Your gym buddy knows the secret is to stop eating after 7 p.m. Your Facebook friend swears she’ll be in swimsuit shape by March if she only eats once a day. Your husband, well, he sneezes and the weight seems to fall off. But do any of these tips really work? To help you shed those extra pounds—and keep them off—without starving yourself, ditching your social life, or eating only at odd times of the day, we talked to experienced nutritionists for real-world advice you can actually live with, day in and day out. We'll tell you how to focus on the delicious foods you can add to your diet, why you should be eating more often (yes!), the fat loss benefits of more sleep, and how even taking a few deep breaths can put you on a successful path to weight loss.

 1. Never get too hungry You make poor decisions when your judgment is compromised. Hunger is a primal urge that’s difficult to deny. When you're famished, it's hard to hold off until you can find healthy food. As a result, you end up eating anything that's not nailed down, and typically, regretting it. Planning meals and snacks works wonders to head off the intense hunger that can do a number on your best intentions to eat right. Always tote healthy snacks, such as an ounce of pistachios, a hard-cooked egg and some whole grain crackers, Greek yogurt, or 1/4 cup raisins. Don't skip meals or skimp on them, either.

2. Be honest about your daily calorie allowance Everyone has a calorie budget, whether you're trying to maintain your weight or lose a few pounds. I've found that people ignore this simple fact. Your calorie budget allows you to build a healthy diet, and it helps prevent frustration about weight control. When you know your calorie budget, then you can plan on how many servings of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, low-fat dairy, and other protein sources to include every day.

3. Eat right post-workout People are notorious for overestimating how many calories they burn during physical activity, which is often far less than actual calories burned. When you overestimate the calories you burn during exercise, you may eat more than you need, making weight loss and maintenance difficult. High-intensity exercise may drive women to eat more, and moderate exercise may be the key to easier weight control.

4. Use the red, orange and green rule At each meal include one food that is any of these colors. By focusing on these foods, you'll be sure to get some produce on your plate and won't have space on your plate for higher-calorie fare. (Bonus: Colorful fruits and veggies help your skin look healthier and younger 5. Be a heavy drinker Water is essential for keeping the body hydrated and we're actually more likely to retain "water weight" by not drinking enough of it rather than by having too much. The needs of each person will be different, but the general recommended daily amount is 64 ounces. It also takes up space in your stomach so you'll feel fuller while taking in less calories.

 6. Kick the salt habit Salt is a big contributor to weight gain and often a reason why the numbers on the scale aren't going down. The average American consumes twice the amount of salt they should have each day, leading to weight gain, bloating, and the inability to lose stubborn pounds. Salt can also make you feel hungrier and thirstier, so check the nutrition labels for high sodium levels and choose fresh over packaged or restaurant foods. You'll see a puffy face and belly go down quickly just by cutting back on your sodium intake and choosing more natural foods.

 7. Spice up your food Adding hot spices to your meals can help curb hunger, according to a study in the British Journal of Nutrition. Need another reason to add some heat? Scientists at the State University of New York at Buffalo found that capsaicin (a compound found in chilies) triggers your brain to release feel-good endorphins.

 8. Don't think diet soda will help you lose weight A University of Texas Health Science Center study found that the more diet sodas a person drank, the greater their risk of becoming overweight. Downing just two or more cans a day increased waistlines by 500%. Why? Artificial sweeteners can disrupt the body's natural ability to regulate calorie intake based on the sweetness of foods, suggested an animal study from Purdue University. That means people who consume diet foods might be more likely to overeat, because your body is being tricked into thinking it's eating sugar, and you crave more. A separate study found that even just one diet soda a day is linked to a 34% higher risk of metabolic syndrome, the group of symptoms including belly fat and high cholesterol that puts you at risk for heart disease. Whether that link is attributed to an ingredient in diet soda or the drinkers' eating habits is unclear. But is that one can really worth it?

9. Focus on nutrient balance instead of calorie counting Making sure an eating occasion has carbs, protein, and fat instead of just counting calories (like a 100-calorie pack) delivers better energy and fat loss results by giving the body what it needs, like quick- and longer-digesting nutrients so you stay full longer.

10. Plate food away from where you're eating By keeping food within eyesight as you are eating, you may find yourself reaching for a second helping even if you really aren't hungry. Place the food on the kitchen counter or stove, portion out a serving on your plate and then sit down at the table and eat. This way, if you want additional servings, you'll have to get up, which helps you to be more mindful of what you are eating.

11. Keep a food record We know you've heard this time and time again. Well, that's because keeping a food record is vital to losing weight and keeping it off long term. A study published in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine found that those who kept regular food records lost twice as much weight as those who didn't. When keeping a food record, make sure to track what you ate, how much you ate, anything you added to the food (condiments, oils, etc.), and what you drank. Also tracking your mood and appetite can be helpful and insightful into learning about your eating patterns as well!

12. Start with soup People who ate a low-calorie vegetable soup before a meal consumed 20% fewer calories at the meal, according to research from Penn State Unniversity. Have a low-calorie broth-based veggie soup before your largest meal of the day to reduce calories and lose weight without feeling hungry.

13. Take your time Rapid eaters are often heavier than slow eaters, according to research from The University of Rhode Island. It takes 20 minutes for your stomach to send a message to your brain that you have eaten enough and are satisfied. If you rush your meal and eat rapidly, your body's satiety cues won't be tuned in to those feelings of fullness yet and it's easier to overeat. Try slowing down by chewing each bite at least 10 times, putting your fork down in between bites, and fostering a relaxing eating environment rather than eating on the run. (What should you do if you're dining out?

14. Outsmart your hunger hormone Even the most motivated and focused dieter will struggle to be successful at weight loss once hunger takes over. Our bodies secrete a hormone called ghrelin, which controls hunger and drives our appetite. If we don't understand, monitor, and control our ghrelin, we can forget about losing weight. Science tells us that the best way to control ghrelin is to eat small, balanced meals about every 3 hours or so. That's because ghrelin will spike after about 3 to 4 hours of fasting, so eating with regularity helps keep this eating trigger at bay. Ghrelin will also spike if we're deprived of carbs, so it's important to give our bodies and brains the carb fuel they need. When we skip meals or avoid carbs, we're inviting ghrelin to spike, which increases and makes us feel emotionally hungry. It makes us crave sugar and can derail even the healthiest eating routine.

 15. Dine anytime It's a myth that you'll gain weight as a direct result of eating after 7 p.m. I see many busy professionals at my private practice, and they often get home late. This doesn't mean that they should skip dinner if they're trying to lose weight. Many times, people stop eating by 5 p.m., which results in overeating the following day. This cycle is not ideal as it shuts down your metabolism. You should eat 70% of your calories before dinnertime and 30% at dinner, whatever time that may be. Just give yourself at least 90 minutes to end your meal before you plan to go to sleep. You need at least 90 minutes to digest so you can sleep comfortably.

16. Set a date with your kitchen Based on what I have applied in my practice, when it comes to weight loss we need to devote 80% of our efforts to nutrition and 20% to exercise. One way to do this is to schedule time and make a date with your supermarket and kitchen. Restaurant dishes are outside of your control, and the fact is, most times, those outrageous portions come loaded with salt and fat. Start cooking at home to better monitor your calorie intake. Schedule a day, like Sunday afternoon, to pre-cook for the week. Plan to roast a whole chicken. Cut up a batch of vegetables—like squash, peppers, eggplant, and sweet potatoes—toss them with a little olive oil and roast them in another pan alongside the chicken. Boil a pot of brown rice. Do all of this simultaneously and it should only take about an hour. Now you have the makings for Monday's burritos, Tuesday's stew, Wednesday's pasta dish, and so on. Each working evening, you should only need about 15 minutes in the kitchen to put it together—less time than you might spend heating up a fat-, salt- and sugar-filled frozen pizza!

17. Breathe away cravings This may seem obvious. After all, you have to breathe no matter what, right? But few of us breathe deeply or consciously. Think about it: when was the last time you took a long, slow, deep breath, and slowly let it out again? Deep breaths of that kind take you out of your immersion in momentary stress, oxygenate your brain and tissues, and they help to reduce stress hormones. Take breathing breaks throughout the day, or, better yet, pair those breaks with a quiet walk to disassociate from the stress. Just a couple of minutes of walking, a few long, deep breaths, and you will start to see the results in your body.

 18. Eat before a party or event Don't arrive at a big meal, event, or party starving. One study found that you'll be 2.5 times more likely to start off overeating starchy carbs, fried or cheesy foods than those who didn't fast before the meal. And, you'll be more likely to eat 47% more calories of that first food before switching to healthier fare. Have a light snack before you go to an event so you don’t arrive ravenous.

19. Be adventurous with chopsticks Choosing chopsticks requires a bit more attention in picking up food from the plate. The portions are smaller, and eating with them takes more time because you have to closely watch each bite so the food doesn’t fall off. They can act as a reminder to slow down, savor and chew consciously which may help you realize you’re fuller sooner than you thought you’d be and then wind up eating less!.

 20. Wear fitted clothing The elastic waistband is the dieter's fashion enemy number one. When you wear clothes that fit well and make you feel good, you have awareness gauges that give you clear signals to help you put on the brakes as you fill up. Use this as a way of staying mindful of your goals and to help keep you from overeating.

 21. Celebrate healthy talk Instead of using words like "fat," say "fit"; change "can't" to "can"; "weak" to "strong"; "unhealthy" to "healthy." It takes practice but it can start to rewire how you think about your health and weight goals. New research commissioned by Special K surveying over 1,000 women, found that 9 out of 10 women who have a positive attitude about weight management reported either losing or maintaining their weight in the past year versus only about 50% of those with a negative attitude. And beyond being more successful, those with a positive attitude were eight times less likely to report having gained weight than women who think negatively. 25. Eat breakfast without fail A study published in the British Journal of Nutrition tracked the diets of nearly 900 adults and found that when people ate more fat, protein, and carbohydrates in the morning, they stayed satisfied and ate less over the course of the day than those who ate their bigger meals later on. Unfortunately, many Americans start off on an empty stomach. In one survey, consumers reported that even when they eat in the morning, the meal is a full breakfast only about one-third of the time. If you're feeling full-blown hunger before noon, there's a chance you're not eating enough in the morning. Shoot for a minimum of 250 calories and aim to get a serving of protein in so you’ll feel fuller longer.

22. Take 10 minutes to eat a treat Try this strategy to permanently reduce cravings: Portion out one serving of your favorite treat, taking a minute to smell it, look at it, and think about it. Take one small bite. Chew slowly, moving it around your mouth and focusing on the texture and taste, then swallow. Ask yourself whether you want another bite or if that one satisfied you. If you still want more, repeat, this time chewing the food 20 times. Continue this eating exercise for as long as you want or until you finish the serving (it should take about 10 minutes). "When you take the time to slow down and be more mindful of what something really tastes like, you'll feel more satisfied," says Lesley Lutes, PhD, an associate professor in the department of psychology at East Carolina University. "Many of our participants told us that after a while, they didn't enjoy the treat as much as they thought they would, or they were content after just a couple of bites and were better able to stop eating when they were satisfied.".

 23. Make wearing a Pedometer a Routine Practice. New Research Suggests that routinely wearing a pedometer encourages people to walk about an extra mile, thereby lose weight and also lower their blood pressure.

 In addition to the above Health ethics, a non habitual and non abusive use of weight loss supplement could work for people who are not discipline in the natural dietary specification needed for a positive, resultant and constructive weight loss. For your reliable, efficient, trusted and widely use weight loss supplement and slimming plus products, please visit World Best Fitness Store via this link:

The global spread of obesity has been fueled in large part by the growing availability and popularity of the Western-style diet, which is characterized by foods with high contents of sugars, salt, and fat — particularly from processed foods and red meat.

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Public Discussion Paper on the Deceptive Advertising on Consumption of the Advertised Good and its Substitutes: The Case of Over-the-Counter Weight Loss Products

Examining advertising in the market for over the counter (OTC) weight loss products which is a heterogeneous market, with products in the form of pills, powders, creams, gels, patches, and jewelry (This category does not include meal replacements). In the U.S. during 2009 - 2010, the prevalence of overweight was 64.5% for women and 74.1% for men (Flegal et al. 2012). Overweight is defined as a body mass index (BMI) of greater than or equal to 25, and obesity is defined as a BMI of greater than or equal to 30; NHLBI (2000). Given those statistics, it may not be surprising that 60% of American women and 36% of American men are trying to lose weight (Baradelet al.,2009). Safe and effective methods of weight loss involve behavior modification: decreased calorie intake and increased physical activity resulting in weight loss of 1-2 pounds per week (NHLBI, 2000). Such “lifelong effort” (NHLBI, 2000, p. 1) and gradual weight loss are not particularly appealing, and as a result some people consume OTC weight loss products that promise rapid weight loss with little or no effort. OTC weight loss products have been consumed by 20.6% of adult women and 9.7% of adult men (Blanck et al.,2007), and by 14.4% of adolescent females and 7.2% of adolescent males (Wilson et al.,2006). These are percentages of the entire U.S. population, not just of the subpopulation that is overweight or trying to lose weight. Among those who have ever made a serious weight-loss attempt, 33.9% used an OTC weight loss product (Pillitteri et al.,2008). OTC weight loss products are only loosely regulated and have a history of little efficacy and dangerous side effects. OTC weight loss products are governed by the 1994 Dietary Supplements Health and Education Act (DSHEA) and are treated as foods (Correia, 2004; GAO, 2002). They are sold OTC in supermarkets and pharmacy aisles as well as through the mail and over the Internet. Because they are regulated as foods, manufacturers need not show any benefit from the product but also cannot make specific disease claims.
 Manufacturers bear no responsibility for proving safety before marketing; like food, the product is assumed to be safe. Advertising of OTC weight loss products is subject to the same regulations that govern advertising of food. The FDA and FTC have joint authority over the regulation of dietary supplements; the FTC has primary authority over advertising and the FDA has primary authority over labeling (FTC, 2010); they are not subject to the far more stringent regulations on the advertising of prescription medications. During the period examined, the OTC weight loss market did not yet include Alli, the OTC version of the prescription weight loss drug Xenical that was introduced June 15, 2007 and is the only weight loss product approved by the FDA for OTC sale). As a result, manufacturers of OTC weight loss products have considerable latitude in the marketing of their products. OTC weight loss products are generally ineffective and can have severe, even potentially fatal, side effects (GAO, 2002). A review of the evidence on the safety and efficacy of OTC weight loss products concluded, “The evidence for most dietary supplements as aids in reducing body weight is not convincing. None of the twelve reviewed dietary supplements can be recommended for over-the-counter use” (Pittler et al., 2004). Two active ingredients that were common in this class of products have since been banned by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for increasing the risk of stroke and cardiac events: ephedra in 2005 and phenylpropanolamine (PPA) in 2000. Although these and similar active ingredients have little effect on calorie expenditure and therefore weight loss, they do increase heart rate, which could be interpreted by a poorly-informed consumer as an increase in metabolism that will burn fat. In fact, they have little if any impact on weight but do increase the risk of heart attack and stroke. Awareness of the fatal side effects associated with OTC weight loss products was increased by the highly-publicized deaths of several professional athletes (Korey Stringer of the Minnesota Vikings football team whose death led the NFL to ban players’ use of ephedra; Steve Bechler of the Baltimore Orioles baseball team; Rashidi Wheeler, a Northwestern University football player; and Devaughan Darling, a Florida State football player) who were consuming the products to try to lose weight they had gained during the off-season; see Sheinin (2003). To increase the sensation that metabolism has increased manufacturers often include caffeine that further raises the risk of cardiac events. Even after the FDA removed PPA and ephedra from the market these products continue to have active ingredients with negligible efficacy and substantial side effects (Dwyer et al., 2005; Pittler and Ernst, 2004; Bouchard et al., 2005). Analysis of a dozen weight-loss supplements sold on the internet in 2007 found that two-thirds contained one or more ingredients associated with multiple incidents of life-threatening cardiac complications or death, but none of the products’ advertisements, labels, or accompanying materials warned of such adverse events (Nazeri et al., 2009). The market for OTC weight loss products is characterized by incomplete information. OTC weight loss products can be experience goods (consumers do not know how well the product will work for them until they consume it or even credence goods (consumers aren’t sure how well it worked even after they consume it). Drugs and supplements can have person-specific effects, so even information from friends and family who have consumed the product may be of uncertain relevance. Consumers are also poorly informed about government regulation of these products; roughly half of Americans believe that OTC weight loss products must be approved for safety and efficacy before being sold to the public (Pillitteri et al., 2008; Harris Interactive, Inc., 2002). Note that Consumers’ confusion about regulation of OTC weight loss products could be due in part to similar confusion among physicians; a survey found that 37% of physicians in residency training programs were unaware that OTC dietary supplements do not require FDA approval before sale (Ashar et al., 2007). The market failure of imperfect information makes deceptive advertising potentially profitable. In general, deceptive advertising is more advantageous to firms selling experience or credence goods (Nelson, 1974). Whether because of a lack of information or other reasons, “Deceptive weight loss claims have long plagued the supplement industry” (FTC, 2010, p. 9). Deceptive advertising of OTC weight loss products could have several negative consequences, the magnitudes of which depend on the effect of deceptive advertising on consumption. If deceptive advertising is cooperative (increases the probability of use) then the negative consequences may be substantial; those induced by the deceptive ads to begin consuming OTC weight loss products face a risk of adverse, even potentially fatal, side effects. Even if deceptive advertising is merely competitive or predatory (causing existing users to change brands but not convincing any abstainers to begin using the products) it still may create a “lemons market” in which deceptively advertised products drive the more honestly advertised products out of the market (Akerlof, 1970; Carlton and Perloff, 2000). However The FTC has written, “…if the entire field of weight-loss advertising is subject to widespread deception, then advertising loses its important role in the efficient allocation of resources in a free-market economy. If the purveyors of the “fast and easy fixes” drive the market place, then others may feel compelled to follow suit or risk losing market share to the hucksters who promise the impossible. Public health suffers as well.”(FTC, 2002). Given the large number of Americans taking OTC weight loss products, the products’ ineffectiveness, history of substantial side effects (including death), and the frequency with which these products have had to be withdrawn from the market for safety reasons, the effect of deceptive advertising on consumption of these products is of considerable interest for public policy and public health. NOTE The above write up is an extract from The Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) Discussion Paper No. 7247, February 2013 on The Effect of Deceptive Advertising on Consumption of the Advertised Good and its Substitutes: The Case of Over-the-Counter Weight Loss Products. From a personal point of view, effective weight loss can be achieved via effective and efficient control on dietary intake of the affected individual. A disciplined attitude toward adhering to the natural dietary requirement that suit the prevailing weight condition is advocated. The individual should consult his/ her dietician for a possible dietary placement which should not be misconceived as call for starvation. Starvation in an act to shade/ loss weight can lead to Peptic Ulcer.
What is peptic ulcer? It is a disease in which a hole has been made in the mucous membrane lining the stomach or duodenum.
 Causes: Too much Hydrochloric acid (HCl), because of nervous tension, IRREGULAR MEALS, smoking, alcohols, lack of sleeps, etc.
Cure: Antacids Perhaps a quick run on the Diet and Dietary functions of the food substance will refresh your memory once more on what each of the natural food substance does to the body system

Natural Food Substance and Weight Loss Tips

A quick run on the Diet and Dietary functions of the food substance will refresh your memory once more on what each of the natural food substance does to the body system.  
Diet • In mammals carbohydrates and fats are needed in relatively large quantities as energy source, and • proteins for growth and repair. • Vitamins and minerals are required in much smaller quantities for a variety of specific functions. • Water is a vital constituent of the diet and • roughage is necessary for preventing constipation.  
Carbohydrates and fats (energy requirements)  The energy required by an organism varies with age, sex, size and activity.  Ideally 2/3 from carbohydrates and 1/3 from fats.  A high intake of fats, especially saturated fats, is a contributory factor in causing heart disease.  
Proteins  Main function: as a source of amino acids which are used to synthesized new proteins  Plants are able to synthesize all their own amino acids but animals are more limited.  Thus man requires essential amino acids in the diet.  Although plant food contains proportionately fewer proteins, a properly balanced diet can nevertheless provide all the essential amino acids.
 Vitamins These are group of organic compounds with the following features:
 1. No energy value
 2. Essential in very small quantities for maintenance of good health
3. Not structural materials in body
4. Work as co-factors in enzymatic reactions  
Two groups of vitamins:
  A. Fat soluble vitamins and B. Water soluble vitamins
Too much vitamins, e.g. vitamin A, may be harmful to our body.
Vitamins B & C are water soluble; others fat soluble
Vitamin C could be destroyed by prolonged heating; tested by decolorizing deep blue colour of DCPIP; and vitamin C has relatively larger daily requirement than other vitamins.
 Minerals  needed to regulate the metabolism of the body  essential for health  needed in small amount.
 Water - makes up about 75% of body weight.
 - importance:  as a solvent;  for transport;  as a reaction medium;  as a reactant;  dilutes wastes & poisons;  forms urine.
 Roughage/Dietary fibre 
- consists of cellulose
- indigestible because human body has no enzyme for its digestion
- stimulate peristalsis;
- absence will lead constipation.

  Milk Milk is a balanced diet for growth and development of young mammals, but it cannot sustain healthy development indefinitely because: 1. It contains little if any iron - new born baby has Fe accumulated from mother, but store becomes deficient in later life 2. It contains no roughage - constipation results with its long-term absence from diet 3. It contains a high proportion of FAT - ideal for young and actively growing organisms, but as energy demand decreases, more fat deposits around the body would increase risk of heart disease.  
WEIGHT LOSS TIPS  
Weight Loss Health Tip 1: For instant weight gain, exclusive milk diet is recommended in which milk is advocated to be taken after every 2 hours. So if you really want to shed some weight, 90% avoidance of milk diet is perfect for a rapid weight loss. Long absence from diet is not advisable since it is needed for growth and development.

 Weight Loss Health Tip 2: New Research Suggests that routinely wearing a pedometer encourages people to walk about an extra mile, thereby lose weight and also lower their blood pressure.  

Weight Loss Health Tip 3: Since the energy requirement of organism varies with activity and organism gets 2/3 of its energy from Carbohydrate then avoid eating more of Carbohydrate food at night since one is not expected to be involved in much activity during sleep hours (at night). The much of the carbohydrate ate at night add to the overall weight gain of the organism since it was not used on/for any activity. Carbohydrates are better taken during the rush hours and especially in the afternoon when one is occupied with much activity. More so if one is interested in losing weight little quantity of carbohydrate per meal during peak time is advocated. The logical effect of this is that with little quantity of carbohydrate taken during this time one is engaged in be hive of activity; the accumulated fats will be diverted to meet up with the energy requirement of the organism by providing energy to the body system.

 Weight Loss Health Tip 4: If u want to have good metabolism,toxin free body then drink lot of water as water aids in digestion & muscle recovery In addition to the above Health ethics, a non habitual and non abusive use of weight loss supplement could work for people who are not discipline in the natural dietary specification needed for a positive, resultant and constructive weight loss. For your reliable, efficient, trusted and widely use weight loss supplement and slimming plus products, please visit The World Best Fitness Store at: -->